What are the characteristics of stepper motors?

The speed of the stepper servo motor depends on the pulse frequency, the number of rotor teeth and the number of beats. Its angular velocity is proportional to the pulse frequency and synchronized with the pulse time. Therefore, when the number of rotor teeth and the number of operating beats are constant, the required rotation speed can be obtained by controlling the pulse frequency. Since the stepper motor starts with its synchronous torque, in order not to lose step, the starting frequency is not high. Especially as the power increases, the rotor diameter increases, the inertia increases, and the difference between the starting frequency and the maximum operating frequency may be as much as 10 times.

In order to give full play to the rapid performance of the motor, the motor is usually started at a frequency lower than the starting frequency, and then the pulse frequency is gradually increased until the required rotation speed is reached. In order to ensure the positioning accuracy of the motor, the motor must gradually reduce the pulse frequency from the highest speed to a speed that can be stopped (equal to or slightly greater than the starting speed) before stopping. Therefore, when a stepper motor drives a load to move a certain distance at high speed and position it accurately, it should generally include five stages: "start-acceleration-high-speed operation (constant speed)-deceleration-stop", and the speed characteristics are usually trapezoidal. If the distance is short, it is a triangular velocity characteristic.

The biggest feature that distinguishes the stepper motor from other control motors is that it can accept digital control signals (electrical pulse signals) and convert them into corresponding angular displacement or linear displacement, so it is an actuator that completes digital conversion.

It can also perform open-loop position control, and input pulse signals to obtain specified position increments. Compared with traditional DC servo systems, the cost of this incremental position control system is significantly reduced and almost no system adjustments are required.

Recommended reading

Planetary reducer

CGXK115

CGX142

How to calculate linear reduction motor torque

Briefly describe the main features of stepper motors and stepper motor drivers